Publications

2025 

Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction by a Synthetic Cobalt Porphyrin Mini-Enzyme. Alison A. Salamatian, Jose L. Alvarez-Hernandez, Karishma B. Ramesh, Linda Leone, Angela Lombardi, Kara L. Bren, Chem. Sci.,2025, in press (Spotlight Collection on Bioinorganic Chemistry). DOI: 10.1039/D4SC07026G

Engineered Metallobiocatalysts for Energy-Relevant Reactions, Ryan M. Kosko, Kaye Kuphal, Alison Salamatian, and Kara L. Bren, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2025, 84, 102545. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102545

2024 

Amphiphilic, Phosphonic Acid-Capped Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots Sensitize a Thiomolybdate Catalyst for Hydrogen Production, Ryan Kosko, Qirui Wang, Chari Y.M. Peter, Todd D. Krauss, Kara L. Bren, and Ellen M. Matson, Chem. Comm.,2024, 60, 13694-13697. DOI: 10.1039/D4CC03656E 

Ligand Non-Innocence and Proton Channel Promote Cobalt-Catalyzed Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction with High CO Selectivity, Ayan Bera, Sarah Bimmermann,Dibya Jyoti Barman, Leon Gerndt,Thomas Lohmiller, Kaltum Abdiaziz, Alexander Schnegg,Kara L. Bren,Dennis G. H. Hetterscheid, Michael Römelt, Ulf-Peter Apfel, and Kallol Ray. ChemRxiv, 2024, DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-991vw

2023

Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis by a Cobalt Porphyrin Peptide: A Proposed Role for Porphyrin Propionic Acid Groups. Jose L. Alvarez-Herandez, Alison A. Salamatian, Andrew E. Sopchak, and Kara L. Bren*, J. Inorg. Biochem.2023, 249, 112390. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112390. Special issue in memory of F. Ann Walker 

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Respires CdSe Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Emily H. Edwards, Jana Jelušić, Ryan M. Kosko, Kevin P. McClelland, Soraya S. Ngarnim, Wesley Chiang, Sanela Lampa-Pastirk, Todd D. Krauss, Kara L. Bren. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2023, 120, e2206975120. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206975120 

Bioinspired and Biomolecular Catalysts for Energy-Relevant Reactions. Alison A. Salamatian, Kara L. Bren, FEBS Lett.,2023, 597, 174-190. DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14533. Invited Contribution for Special Issue on “Visions of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry: Metals and Molecules of Life.”

2022

Potential- and Buffer-Dependent Selectivity for the Conversion of CO₂ to CO by a Cobalt Porphyrin-Peptide Electrocatalyst in Water, Jose L. Alvarez-Hernandez,^‡ Alison A. Salamatian,^‡ Ji Won Han, and Kara L. Bren,(^‡contributed equally), ACS Catal.,2022, 12, 14689-14697. DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03297

A Cobalt Mimochrome for Photochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Neutral Water, Emily H. Edwards, Jennifer M. Le, Alison A. Salamatian, Noelle L. Peluso, Linda Leone, Angela Lombardi, Kara L. Bren, J. Inorg. Biochem.,2022, 230, 11753. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111753. Issue in honor of Ken Karlin.

2021

The Two Redox States of the Human NEET Proteins’ [2Fe–2S], Ke Zuo, Henri-Baptiste Marjault, Kara L. Bren, Giulia Rossetti, Rachel Nechushtai and Paolo Carloni, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 2021, 26, 763-774. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01890-8 

Contributions to Cytochrome c Inner- and Outer-Sphere Reorganization Energy. Samir Chattopadhyay, Manjistha Mukherjee, Banu Kandemir, Sarah E. J. Bowman, Kara L. Bren, Abhishek Dey, Chem. Sci,2021, 12, 11894–11913. DOI: 10.1039/D1SC02865K 

Linear Free Energy Relationships in Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis by a Cobalt Tripeptide in Water, Jose L. Alvarez-Hernandez, Jiwon Han, Andrew E. Sopchak, Yixing Guo, and Kara L. Bren, ACS Energy Lett., 2021, 6, 2256-2261. DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00680 

Photochemical Hydrogen Production from Cobalt Microperoxidase-11. Emily H. Edwards, Jana Jelušić, Saikat Chakraborty, and Kara L. Bren, J. Inorg. Biochem.,2021, 217, 111384. Invited contribution the 50^th Anniversary Issue of JIB. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111384 

Light-Driven Hydrogen Production with CdSe Quantum Dots and a Cobalt Glutathione Catalyst, Rebeckah Burke^‡, Saikat Chakraborty^‡, Kevin P. McClelland, Jana Jelušić, Alex Fertig, Ellen M. Matson, Kara L. Bren, and Todd D. Krauss (^‡contributed equally), Chem. Comm., 2021, 57, 2053-2056. DOI: 10.1039/D0CC07364D 

Semiconductor Nanocrystal Photocatalysis for Hydrogen Generation and Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation.Rebeckah Burke, Kara L. Bren, and Todd D. Krauss, J. Chem. Phys., 2021, 154, 030901 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032172. Featured on journal front cover. 

2020

Electrocatalytic Multielectron Nitrite Reduction in Water by an Iron Complex, Jesse R. Stroka, Banu Kandemir, Ellen M. Matson, Kara L. Bren, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, 13968–13972. DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03600 

Hydrogen Bonding Promotes Diversity in Nitrite Coordination Modes at a Single Iron(II) Center. D. M. M. Mevan Dissanayake, Brittney E. Petel, William W. Brennessel, Kara L. Bren, Ellen M. Matson, J. Coord. Chem., 2020,73, 2664-1676. DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1821373 

Enhancing the Activity of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from CdSe Quantum Dots with a Polyoxovanadate Cluster. Emily H. Edwards, Alex A. Fertig, Kevin P. McClelland, Mahilet T. Meidenbauer, Saikat Chakraborty, Todd D. Krauss, Kara L. Bren, Ellen M. Matson, Chem. Comm., 2020, 56, 8762-8765. DOI: 10.1039/D0CC03163A 

Light-Driven Catalysis with Engineered Enzymes and Biomimetic Systems, Emily H. Edwards and Kara L. Bren, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 2020, 67, 463-483. DOI: 10.1002/bab.1976. Top 10 downloaded article. 

Buffer pK_a Impacts Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution in Water Catalyzed by a Cobalt Porphyrin-Peptide, Jose L. Alvarez-Hernandez, Andrew E. Sopchak, and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem., 2020,59, 8061-8069. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00362 

Tuning Mechanism through Buffer Acid Dependence of Hydrogen Evolution by a Cobalt Mini-enzyme, Jennifer M. Le, Georgios Alachouzos, Marco Chino, Alison J. Frontier, Angela Lombardi, and Kara L. Bren, Biochemistry, 2020, 59, 1289-1297. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00060 

2019

Photochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water with a Cobalt Metallopeptide Catalyst, Saikat Chakraborty, Emily H. Edwards, Banu Kandemir, and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem., 2019, 58, 16402-16410. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02067 

Engineered Enzymes and Bioinspired Catalysts for Energy Conversion, Jennifer M. Le and Kara L. Bren, ACS Energy Lett., 2019, 4, 2168-2180. DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01308 

2018

Cobalt Metallopeptide Electrocatalyst for the Selective Reduction of Nitrite to Ammonium, Yixing Guo, Jesse R. Stroka, Banu Kandemir, Claire E. Dickerson, and Kara L. Bren, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140, 16888-16892. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09612 

Hydrogen Evolution from Water Catalyzed by Cobalt-Mimochrome VI*a, a Synthetic Mini-Protein. Vincenzo Firpo^‡, Jennifer M. Le^‡, Vincenzo Pavone, Angela Lombardi, and Kara L. Bren (^‡contributed equally), Chem. Sci.,2018, 9, 8582-8589. DOI: 10.1039/C8SC01948G 

Influence of Heme c Attachment on Heme Conformation and Potential, Jesse G. Kleingardner, Benjamin D. Levin,Giorgio Zoppellaro, K. Kristoffer Andersson, Sean J. Elliott, and Kara L. Bren, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem.,2018, 23, 1073-1083. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1603-3. Included in the special issue “Alison Butler: Papers in Celebration of her 2018 ACS Alfred Bader Award in Bioorganic or bioinorganic Chemistry.” 

Carbene Capture in a Myoglobin Mutant, Emily H. Edwards and Kara L. Bren, Nature Catal.,2018, 1, 565-566. DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0129-y 

Beyond Fossil Fuel-Driven Nitrogen Transformations, Jinguang G. Chen, Richard M. Crooks, Lance C. Seefeldt, Kara L. Bren, R. Morris Bullock, Marcetta Y. Darensbourg, Patrick L. Holland, Brian Hoffman, Michael J. Janik, Anne K. Jones, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, Paul King, Kyle M. Lancaster, Sergei V. Lymar, Peter Pfromm, William F. Schneider, Richard R. Schrock, Science2018, 360, eaar6611. DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6611

2017

Engineered Biomolecular Catalysts, Kara L. Bren. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2017, 139, 14331–14334. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09896 

Covalent Bonding of Heme to Protein Prevents Heme Capture by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Valerie Sgheiza, Bethany Novick, Sarah Stanton, Jeanetta Pierce, Breanne Kalmeta, Melody Frink, Kyle Grimaldi, Kara L. Bren, and Lea Vacca Michel, FEBS Open Bio2017, 7, 1778–1783. DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12324 

Locked and Loaded for Apoptosis, Kara L. Bren and Emma L. Raven, Science2017, 356, 1236. DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5587 

Photoinduced Charge Separation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Protein Integrated Systems, Lenore Kubie, Amanda R. Amori, Saikat Chakraborty, Kara L. Bren, and Todd D. Krauss, Nanoscale Horiz., 2017, 2, 163-166. DOI: 10.1039/C6NH00172F. Featured in Royal Society of Chemistry Collection “Celebrating Excellence in Research: 100 Women of Materials Science.” 

Efficient and Flexible Preparation of Biosynthetic Microperoxidases, Erin C. Kleingardner, Wesley B. Asher, and Kara L. Bren, Biochemistry2017, 56, 143-148. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00915  

2016

Extracellular Electron Transfer on Sticky Paper Electrodes: Carbon Paste Paper Anode for Microbial Fuel Cells, Peter Lamberg and Kara L. Bren, ACS Energy Lett.2016, 1, 895-898. DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00435 

Going with the Electron Flow: Effects of Heme Electronic Structure on Electron Transfer, Kara L. Bren, Isr. J. Chem.2016, 56, 693-704. DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600021. Special Issue in Celebration of Harry Gray's 80^th Birthday. 

Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Aerobic Conditions Catalyzed by a Cobalt-ATCUN Metallopeptide. Banu Kandemir, Lenore Kubie, Yixing Guo, Brian Sheldon, and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 1355-1357. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02157.  Featured on journal cover and selected as ACS Editors' Choice. 

Semisynthetic and Biomolecular Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts. Banu Kandemir, Saikat Chakraborty, Yixing Guo, and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 467-477. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02054 Research Article in Forum on Small Molecule Activation: From Biological Principles to Energy Applications. 

NMR Analysis of Spin States and Spin Densities, in Spin States in Biochemistry and Inorganic Chemistry: Influence on Structure and Reactivity. Kara L. Bren, Edited by M. Swart and M. Costas, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, United Kingdom (2016). DOI: 10.1002/9781118898277.ch16

2015

Discovery of the Magnetic Behavior of Hemoglobin: A Beginning of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kara L. Bren, Richard Eisenberg and Harry B. Gray, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.2015, 112, 13123-13127. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515704112 

Biological Significance and Applications of Heme c Proteins and Peptides, Jesse G. Kleingardner and Kara L. Bren, Acc. Chem. Res.2015, 48, 1845-1852. DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00106 

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Solar Hydrogen, Kara L. Bren, J. Royal Soc. Interface2015, 5, 1-12. ID: 20140091. DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0091 

Effects of Protein Structure on Iron-Polypeptide Vibrational Dynamic Coupling in Cytochrome c, Mary Grace I. Galinato, Sarah E. J. Bowman, Jesse G. Kleingardner, Sherri Martin, Jiyong Zhao, Wolfgang Sturhahn, E. Ercan Alp, Kara L. Bren, and Nicolai Lehnert, Biochemistry2015, 64, 1064-1076. DOI: 10.1021/bi501430z 

Methionine Ligand Lability of Homologous Monoheme Cytochromes c, Benjamin D. Levin, Kelly A. Walsh, Kristal K. Sullivan, Kara L. Bren, and Sean J. Elliott, Inorg. Chem.2015, 54, 38-46. DOI: 10.1021/ic501186h 

2014

Investigations of Heme Distortion, Low-Frequency Vibrational Excitations, and Electron Transfer in Cytochrome c. Yuhan Sun, Abdelkirm Benabbas, Weiqiao Zeng, Jesse G. Kleingardner, Kara L. Bren, and Paul M. Champion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2014, 111, 6570-6575. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322274111 

Hydrogen Evolution from Neutral Water Under Aerobic Conditions Catalyzed by Cobalt-microperoxidase-11, Jesse G. Kleingardner, Banu Kandemir, and Kara L. Bren, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 4-7. DOI: 10.1021/ja406818h 

Affinity Purification of Heme-tagged Proteins, Wesley B. Asher, Kara L. Bren, Methods in Molecular Biology,2014, 1177, 17-33. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1034-2_2 

2013

The Influence of Heme Ruffling on Spin Densities in Ferricytochromes c Probed by Heme Core ¹³C NMR. Jesse G. Kleingardner, Sarah E. J. Bowman, and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem.2013, 52, 12933-12946. DOI: 10.1021/ic401250d  

Redox State Dependence of Axial Ligand Dynamics in Nitrosomonas europaea Cytochrome c₅₅₂. Ravinder Kaur and Kara L. Bren, J. Phys. Chem. B2013, 117, 15720–15728. DOI: 10.1021/jp4064577 

Single-molecule Analysis of Cytochrome c Folding by Monitoring the Lifetime of an Attached Fluorescent Probe. Andrea J. Lee, Wesley B. Asher, Harry A. Stern, Kara L. Bren, and Todd D. Krauss, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 2727-2733. DOI: 10.1021/jz401259y 

Structural Characterization of Nitrosomonas europaea Cytochrome c₅₅₂ Variants with Marked Differences in Electronic Structure. Mehmet Can, Jolanta Krucinska,Giorgio Zoppellaro, Niels H. Andersen, Joseph E. Wedekind, Hans-Petter Hersleth, K. Kristoffer Andersson, and Kara L. Bren, ChemBioChem2013, 13, 1828-1838. DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300118 Spotlight in Angewandte Chemie  

Conformational Change and Human Cytochrome c Function: Mutation of Residue 41 Modulates Caspase Activation and Destabilizes Met-80 Coordination. Tracy M. Josephs, Matthew D. Liptak, Gillian Hughes, Alexandra Lo, Rebecca M. Smith, Sigurd M. Wilbanks, Kara L. Bren, and Elizabeth C. Ledgerwood, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem.2013, 18, 289-297. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0973-1  

2012 

NMR Spectroscopy of Paramagnetic Heme Proteins. Kara L. Bren, Curr. Inorg. Chem.2012, 2, 273-291. DOI: 10.2174/1877944111202030273 

Cytochrome c Heme Lyase Can Mature a Fusion Peptide Composed of the Amino-terminal Residues of Horse Cytochrome c. Wesley B. Asher and Kara L. Bren, Chem Comm.2012, 48, 8344-8346. DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31112g 

Heme-Protein Vibrational Couplings in Cytochrome c Provide a Dynamic Link that Connects the Heme-Iron and the Protein Surface. Mary Grace I. Galinato,Jesse G. Kleingardner,Sarah E. J. Bowman, E. Ercan Alp, Jiyong Zhao,Kara L. Bren,and Nicolai Lehnert, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109, 8896-8900. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200345109  

2011 

“Bioinorganic Chemistry: Show your Mettle by Meddling with Metals,” In Letters to a Young Chemist, Abhik Ghosh, Ed.  John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (2011), pp. 137-154 

Modulation of Ligand-field Parameters by Heme Ruffling in Cytochromes c Revealed by EPR Spectroscopy. Mehmet Can, Giorgio Zoppellaro, K. Kristoffer Anderson, and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem.2011, 50, 12018-12024. DOI: 10.1021/ic201479q 

Methionine Ligand Lability in Bacterial Monoheme Cytochromes c: An Electrochemical Study. Benjamin D. Levin, Mehmet Can, Sarah E. J. Bowman, Kara L. Bren, and Sean J. Elliott, J. Phys. Chem. B2011, 115, 11718-11726. DOI: 10.1021/jp203292h 

Temperature Dependent Equilibrium Native to Unfolded Protein Dynamics and Properties Observed with IR Absorption and 2D IR Vibrational Echo Experiments. Jean K. Chung, Megan C. Thielges, Sarah E. J. Bowman, Kara L. Bren, and Michael D. Fayer, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 6681-6691. DOI: 10.1021/ja111009s 

Comparing Specificity Between Cytochrome c Maturation and Cytochrome c Heme Lyase Systems for Cytochrome c Biogenesis. Jesse G. Kleingardner and Kara L. Bren, Metallomics2011, 3, 396-403. DOI:10.1039/C0MT00086H 

The Proapoptotic G41S Mutation to Human Cytochrome c Alters the Heme Electronic Structure and Increases the Electron Self-Exchange Rate. Matthew D. Liptak, Robert D. Fagerlund, Elizabeth C. Ledgerwood, Sigurd M. Wilbanks, and Kara L. Bren, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011,133, 1153-1155. DOI: 10.1021/ja106328k 

2010

 Variation and Analysis of Second-sphere Interactions and Axial Histidinate Character in c-type Cytochromes. Sarah E. J. Bowman and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49, 7890-7897. DOI:10.1021/ic100899k 

A Heme Fusion Tag for Protein Affinity Purification and Quantification. Wesley B. Asher and Kara L. Bren, Protein Science2010, 19, 1830-1839. DOI: 10.1002/pro.460  Selected for Faculty of 1000 Biology. 

NMR and DFT Investigation of Heme Ruffling: Functional Implications for Cytochrome c. Matthew D. Liptak, Xin Wen, and Kara L. Bren, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9753-9763. DOI: 10.1021/ja102098p

Zinc Porphyrin as a Donor for FRET in Zinc Cytochrome c. Andrea J. Lee, Amy A. Ensign, Todd D. Krauss, and Kara L. Bren, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 1752-1753. DOI: 10.1021/ja909106p 

2009

Studies of Ferric Heme Proteins with Highly Anisotropic/Highly Axial Low Spin (S = 1/2) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signals with Two Histidines or Histidine and Methionine Axial Fe Coordination. Giorgio Zoppellaro, Kara L. Bren, Amy A. Ensign, Espen Harbitz, Ravinder Kaur, Hans-Petter Hersleth, Ulf Ryde, Lars Hederstedt, and K. Kristoffer Andersson, Biopolymers2009, 91, 1064-1082. DOI: 10.1002/bip.21267 

2008

Modulation of the Ligand-field Anisotropy in a Series of Ferric Low Spin Cytochrome c Mutants Derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cytochrome c-551 and Nitrosomonas europaea Cytochrome c-552. An EPR and NMR Study. Giorgio Zoppellaro, Espen Harbitz, Ravinder Kaur, Amy A. Ensign, Kara L. Bren, and K. Kristoffer Andersson, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2008, 130, 15348-15360. DOI: 10.1021/ja8033312 

The Chemistry and Biochemistry of Heme c: Functional Bases for Covalent Attachment. Sarah E. J. Bowman and Kara L. Bren, Nat. Prod. Rep.2008, 25, 1118-1130. DOI: 10.1039/B717196J 

Native and Unfolded Cytochrome c – Comparison of Dynamics Using 2D-IR Vibrational Echo Spectroscopy. Seongheun Kim, Jean K. Chung, Kyungwon Kwak, Sarah E. J. Bowman, Kara L. Bren, Biman Bagchi, and Michael. D. Fayer, J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 10054-10063. DOI: 10.1021/jp802246h 

Zinc Porphyrin: A Fluorescent Acceptor in Studies of Zn-cytochrome c Unfolding by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Amy A. Ensign, Iris Jo, Ilyas Yildirim, Todd D. Krauss, and Kara L. Bren, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 10779-10784. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802737105 

Methionine Ligand Lability of Type I Cytochromes c: Detection of Ligand Loss Using Protein Film Voltammetry. Tao Ye, Ravinder Kaur, F. Timur Senguen, Lea V. Michel, Kara L. Bren, and Sean J. Elliott, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2008, 130, 6682-6683. DOI: 10.1021/ja801071n 

Submolecular Unfolding Units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cytochrome c₅₅₁. Lea V. Michel and Kara L. Bren, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 13, 837-845. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-008-0370-y 

2007

Heme Attachment Motif Mobility Tunes Cytochrome c Redox Potential. Lea V. Michel, Tao Ye, Sarah E. J. Bowman, Benjamin D. Levin, Megan A. Hahn, Brandy S. Russell, Sean J. Elliott, and Kara L. Bren, Biochemistry2007, 46, 11753-11760. DOI: 10.1021/bi701177j 

Effects of Heme Pocket Structure and Mobility on Cytochrome c Stability. Xin Wen, Kirti M. Patel, Brandy S. Russell, and Kara L. Bren, Biochemistry 2007, 46, 2537-2544. DOI: 10.1021/bi602380v 

2006

Direct-Detected ¹³C NMR to Investigate the Iron(III) Hemophore HasA. Sarah E. J. Bowman and Kara L. Bren, ChemTracts, Inorg. Chem. 2006, 19, 344-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja054902h

Cytochrome c₅₅₂ Mutants: Structure and Dynamics at the Active Site Probed by Multidimensional NMR and Vibration Echo Spectroscopy. Aaron M. Massari, Brian L. McClain, Ilya J. Finkelstein, Andrew P. Lee, Heather L. Reynolds, Kara L. Bren, and Michael D. Fayer, J. Phys. Chem. B2006, 110, 18803-18810. DOI: 10.1021/jp054959q 

2005 

Redox Properties of Wild-type and Heme-binding Loop Mutants of Bacterial Cytochromes c Measured by Direct Electrochemistry. Tao Ye, Ravinder Kaur, Xin Wen, Kara L. Bren, and Sean J. Elliott, Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 8999-9006. DOI: 10.1021/ic051003l 

Heme Axial Methionine Fluxion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Asn64Gln Cytochrome c₅₅₁. Xin Wen and Kara L. Bren, Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 8587-8593. DOI: 10.1021/ic050976i 

The Influence of Aqueous versus Glassy Solvents on Protein Dynamics: Vibrational Echo Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Aaron M. Massari, Ilya J. Finkelstein, Brian L. McClain, Anne Goj, Xin Wen, Kara L. Bren, Roger F. Loring, and Michael D. Fayer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 14279-14289. DOI: 10.1021/ja053627w 

An Obligatory Intermediate in the Folding Pathway of Cytochrome c₅₅₂ from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus. Carlo Travaglini-Allocatelli, Stefano Gianni, Vikash K. Dubey, Allesandro Borgia, Adele Di Matteo, Daniele Bonivento, Francesca Cutruzzolà, Kara L. Bren, and Maurizio Brunori, J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 25729-25734. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M502628200 

Suppression of Axial Methionine Fluxion in Hydrogenobacter thermophilus Gln64Asn-Cytochrome c₅₅₂. Xin Wen and Kara L. Bren, Biochemistry 2005, 44, 5225-5233. DOI: 10.1021/bi047556+ 

Insights into Signal Transduction Involving PAS Domain Oxygen-Sensing Heme Proteins from the X-ray Crystal Structure of Escherichia coli Dos Heme Domain (Ec DosH). Lea R. Vacca and Kara L. Bren, ChemTracts, Inorg. Chem.2005, 18, 105-111. DOI: 10.1021/bi035980p

2004

Metalloprotein Folding. Kara L. Bren, Vincent L. Pecoraro, and Harry B. Gray, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 7894-7896. DOI: 10.1021/ic040121q 

A Possible Role for the Covalent Heme-Protein Linkage in Cytochrome c Revealed via Comparison of N-Acetylmicroperoxidase-8 and a Synthetic, Monohistidine-Coordinated Heme Peptide. Terry M. Rabinowitz and Kara L. Bren, ChemTracts, Inorg. Chem.2004, 17, 206-211. DOI: 10.1021/bi035531p

Folding, Conformational Changes, and Dynamics of Cytochromes c Probed by NMR Spectroscopy. Kara L. Bren, Jason A. Kellogg, Ravinder Kaur, and Xin Wen, Inorg.Chem.2004, 43, 7934-7944. DOI: 10.1021/ic048925t

Cytochrome rC₅₅₂, Formed During Expression of the Truncated, Thermus thermophilus Cytochrome c₅₅₂ Gene in the Cytoplasm of Escherichia coli, Reacts Spontaneously to Form Protein-bound, 2-Formyl-4-vinyl (Spirographis) Heme. James A. Fee, Thomas R. Todaro, Eugene Luna, Donita Sanders, Laura Hunsicker-Wang, Kirti M. Patel, Kara L. Bren, Ester Gomez-Moran, Michael G. Hill, Jingyuan Ai, Thomas M. Loehr, W. Anthony Oertling, Pamela A. Williams, C. David Stout, Duncan McRee, and Andrzej Pastuszyn, Biochemistry2004, 43, 12162-12176. DOI: 10.1021/bi048968l 

Heme Axial Methionine Fluxionality in Hydrogenobacter thermophilus Cytochrome c₅₅₂. Linghao Zhong, Xin Wen, Terry M. Rabinowitz, Brandy S. Russell, Elizabeth F. Karan, and Kara L. Bren, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101, 8637-8642. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402033101  

2003 

Backbone Dynamics and Hydrogen Exchange of Oxidized Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ferricytochrome c₅₅₁. Brandy S. Russell, Linghao Zhong, Maria Giulia Bigotti, Francesca Cutruzzolà, and Kara L. Bren, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 8, 156-166. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-002-0401-z

2002

Characterization of Recombinant Horse Cytochrome c Synthesized with the Assistance of Escherichia coli Cytochrome c Maturation Factors. Jason A. Kellogg and Kara L. Bren, Biochim. Biophys. Acta2002, 1601, 215-221. DOI: 10.1016/S1570-9639(02)00471-5 

A Solution NMR Model for the Aspartate-ligated, Cubane Cluster Containing Ferredoxin from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus.  Simon Sham, Luigi Calzolai, Peng-Liang Wang, Kara Bren, Halvard Haarklau, Philip S. Brereton, Michael W. W. Adams, and Gerd N. La Mar, Biochemistry 2002, 41, 12498-12508. DOI: 10.1021/bi020347+ 

Denaturant Dependence of Equilibrium Unfolding Intermediates and Denatured State Structure of Horse Ferricytochrome c.  Brandy S. Russell and Kara L. Bren, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 7, 909-916. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-002-0381-z 

Peptide Mimotopes of Pneumococcal Capsular PS of 6B Serotype. A Peptide Mimotope Can Bind to Two Unrelated Antibodies.  Jeon-Soo Shin, Jigui Yu, Jisheng Lin, Linghao Zhong, Kara L. Bren, and Moon H. Nahm., J. Immunol.2002, 168, 6273-6278. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6273 

Characterization of Hydrogenobacter thermophilus Cytochromes c₅₅₂ Expressed in the Cytoplasm and Periplasm of Escherichia coli.  Elizabeth F. Karan, Brandy S. Russell, and Kara L. Bren, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 7, 260-272. DOI: 10.1007/s007750100292 

Recent Advances in NMR of Cytochromes c. Kara L. Bren, ChemTracts, Inorg. Chem. 2002, 15, 677-691  

2001

Redox Thermodynamics of Low-Potential Iron-sulfur Proteins. Elizabeth F. Karan and Kara L. Bren, ChemTracts, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 14, 709-713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s007750000164

Heme Ligation and Conformational Plasticity in the Isolated c Domain of Cytochrome cd1 Nitrite Reductase. Jason A. Kellogg and Kara L. Bren, ChemTracts, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 14, 704-708. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M007345200

Mechanisms of Protein Folding, Kara L. Bren, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2001,123, 10145-10146. DOI: 10.1021/ja015282x 

Recombinant Cytochrome rC₅₅₇ Obtained from Escherichia coli Cells Expressing a Truncated Thermus thermophilus cycA Gene: Heme Inversion in an Improperly Matured Protein.  Duncan E. McRee, Pamela A. Williams, Vandana Sridhar, Andrzej Pastuszyn, Kara L. Bren, Kirti M. Patel, Ying Chen, Thomas R. Todaro, Donita Sanders, Eugene Luna, and James A. Fee, J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 6537-6544. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M008421200 

2000 

Integrity of Thermus thermophilus Cytochrome c₅₅₂ Synthesized by Escherichia coli Cells Expressing the Host-Specific Cytochrome c Maturation Genes, ccmABCDEFGH: Biochemical, Spectral and Structural Characterization of the Recombinant Protein. James A. Fee, Ying Chen, Thomas R. Todaro, Kara L. Bren, Kirti M. Patel, Michael G. Hill, Ester Gomez-Moran, Thomas M. Loehr, Jingyuan Ai, Linda Thöny-Meyer, Pamela A. Williams, Enrico Stura, Vandana Sridhar, and Duncan E. McRee, Protein Sci.2000, 9, 2074-2084. DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.11.2074 

NMR Investigation of Ferricytochrome c Unfolding: Detection of an Equilibrium Unfolding Intermediate and Residual Structure in the Denatured State.  Brandy S. Russell, Rory Melenkivitz, and Kara L. Bren, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.2000, 97, 8312-8317. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.150239397