Biological Applications

Dietary analysis
What foods are being consumed?
What is the geographical origin of that food?
What is the isotopic input of certain food types?

Metabolic turnover
How and at what rate are foods metabolized?
What is the residence time of metabolites in the body?
Do proteins break down and reform during digestion, or do they remain intact?
How much and how quickly is ingested carbon (as protein) lost during breathing? Through excretion? Through perspiration?

Water balance and turnover
What is the residence time of water in the body?
How does this change in times of stress?

Provenence questions
Where did this individual spend his/her youth?
Where has this individual been recently?
Do preferred food sources change annually? Seasonally?
In response to climate or other external changes?
Where do these animals go when we cannot find them?

Novel methods
If you have a specific application in mind, contact SIREAL. We discuss your application and whether we can accomplish it here.




*Biological Applications*
	Dietary analysis What foods are being consumed? What is the geographical origin of that food? What is the isotopic input of certain food types? Metabolic turnover How and at what rate are foods metabolized? What is the residence time of metabolites in the body? Do proteins break down and reform during digestion, or do they remain intact? How much and how quickly is ingested carbon (as protein) lost during breathing? Through excretion? Through perspiration? Water balance and turnover What is the residence time of water in the body? How does this change in times of stress? Provenence questions Where did this individual spend his/her youth? Where has this individual been recently? Do preferred food sources change annually? Seasonally? In response to climate or other external changes? Where do these animals go when we cannot find them? Novel methods If you have a specific application in mind, contact SIREAL. We discuss your application and whether we can accomplish it here.

	METHODS AVAILABLE: Water analysis for δ²H (δD) and δ¹⁸O Water analysis for δ¹³C for dissolved inorganic carbon Air and breath analysis for δ¹³C Carbonate and Apatite analysis for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O
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Biological Applications

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